Qu, Qiuhao
Ma, Yixin https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9262-8832
Huang, Chao
Fa, Botao https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0973-9366
Liu, Zhenni
Li, Yuhan
Yang, Shigao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2717-6914
Xiao, Zhengtao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-5381
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32100535)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32370706)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82071837)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471798)
Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Revised: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 11 November 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All experiments were conducted using established cell lines only; no human participants or animals were involved, and thus ethics approval and informed consent were not required.