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Article History

Received: 21 April 2025

Revised: 12 November 2025

Accepted: 3 December 2025

First Online: 18 December 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (No. 2019-654) and written informed consent was provided by all patients prior to the study start. All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board and The Declaration of Helsinki, and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All animal experiments were complied with the ARRIVE guidelines and performed in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (No. 2020-591).