De Palma, Fatima Domenica Elisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6109-2768
Pol, Jonathan G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-7562
Carbonnier, Vincent
Scuderi, Sarah Adriana
Mannino, Deborah
Montégut, Léa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4778-4757
Sauvat, Allan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-8638
Perez-Lanzon, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-6520
Uribe-Carretero, Elisabet
Guarracino, Mario
Granata, Ilaria
Calogero, Raffaele
Del Monaco, Valentina
Montanaro, Donatella
Stoll, Gautier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-4139
Botti, Gerardo
D’Aiuto, Massimiliano
Baldi, Alfonso https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8693-3842
D’Argenio, Valeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9273-3698
Guigó, Roderic https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-4477
Rezsohazy, René
Kroemer, Guido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-4405
Maiuri, Maria Chiara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9760-7674
Salvatore, Francesco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-3564
Article History
Received: 9 October 2023
Revised: 19 November 2024
Accepted: 4 December 2024
First Online: 20 January 2025
Competing interests
: FDEDP, JGP, VDM, GK, FS, and MCM are listed as co-inventors on an international patent (“Methods for diagnosing, prognosing and managing treatment of breast cancer”; WO 2021/170777 A1). GK has been holding research contracts with Daiichi Sankyo, Eleor, Kaleido, Lytix Pharma, PharmaMar, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, Sanofi, Tollys, and Vascage. GK has been consulting for Reithera. GK is on the Board of Directors of the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation France. GK is a scientific co-founder of everImmune, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, and Therafast Bio. GK is in the scientific advisory boards of Hevolution, Institut Servier, and Longevity Vision Funds. GK is the inventor of patents covering therapeutic targeting of aging, cancer, cystic fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. GK’s wife, Laurence Zitvogel, has held research contracts with Glaxo Smyth Kline, Incyte, Lytix, Kaleido, Innovate Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Pilege, Merus, Transgene, 9 m, Tusk, and Roche, was on the on the Board of Directors of Transgene, is a co-founder of everImmune, and holds patents covering the treatment of cancer and the therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota. GK’s brother, Romano Kroemer, was an employee of Sanofi and now consults for Boehringer-Ingelheim. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results. All the other authors declare no conflict of interest.
: Human tissue samples have been used in agreement with regulatory and bioethics rules of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori - Fondazione G. Pascale Ethics Committee (protocol number 3 of 03/25/2009, Naples, Italy) []. All patients provided their written informed consent for the research purpose of these clinical materials according to the tenets of the Helsinki Declaration. Animal experiments were performed in compliance with the EU Directive 63/2010 and the local Ethical Committee (“C. Darwin” registered at the French Ministry of Research, protocol #51068).