Amer, Tarek N. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1800-6646
Haimovici, Aladin
Kirschnek, Susanne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-7817
Vier, Juliane
Moeed, Abdul https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3616-5520
Ukachukwu, Uzochukwu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7681-9798
Neugebauer, Daniela
Neubert, Philip https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8023-4561
Helmstädter, Martin
Kayser, Severine
Öllinger, Rupert
Rad, Roland
Groß, Olaf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8660-3619
Holzschuh, Jochen
Driever, Wolfgang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9551-9141
Weber, Arnim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1723-6496
Badr, Mohamed Tarek
Häcker, Georg https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1058-5746
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung (2019.019.1)
Wilhelm Sander-Stiftung (2019.019.1)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (RI_00555)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG 91b)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (317784314)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (RI_00555)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (RI_00555)
Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Revised: 11 December 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study used established human cell lines from qualified repositories. The isolation of MEFs from SMAC-deficient mice and control mice was done under the permission granted by the local authority (Regierungspräsidium Freiburg, registration number X-23/03 K). Breeding and holding of zebrafish were approved by Regierungspraesidium Freiburg permit 35-9185.64/1.1, and experiments with embryos were carried out in accordance with the German Animal Welfare Act. No human material was used.