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Authors
Elbæk, Camilla Reiter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6326-6047
Gradinaru, Sophie https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5741-3357
Dahlström, Anna M.
Frueh, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-1187
Jahan, Akhee S.
Cuenco, Joyceline
Aalto, Anna L.
Rizk, John https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3352-5474
Hawley, Simon A.
Franks, Sarah N. J. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8611-0161
Stumpe, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-9326
Kolapalli, Srinivasa Prasad
Wang, Chris Kedong
Ellison, Cara J.
Hildebrandt, Ximena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-203X
Nielsen, Klara https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8126-8955
Priesmann, Dominik
Koch, Julian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7829-3411
Deichmann, Mathilde
Gullmets, Josef
Verboom, Lien
van Loo, Geert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-4775
Peltzer, Nieves https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4134-5852
Frankel, Lisa B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7249-3607
Elliott, Paul R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7641-2103
Gyrd-Hansen, Mads https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5641-5019
Dengjel, Jörn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9453-4614
Ryan, Brent J.
Hardie, D. Grahame https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8373-7379
Meinander, Annika https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-2293
Sakamoto, Kei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8839-5980
Damgaard, Rune Busk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-6534
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF19OC0054248)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF18CC0034900)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF23SA0084103)
Det Frie Forskningsråd (3101-00245B)
Kræftens Bekæmpelse (R352-A20458)
Uddannelses- og Forskningsministeriet (2083-00007B)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1403 #414786233)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/Y014987/1)
Wellcome Trust (204766/Z/16/Z)
Academy of Finland (199483)
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Article History
Received: 2 October 2025
Revised: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Competing interests
: RBD is a scientific advisor for Flindr Therapeutics, Oss, The Netherlands. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
: Human fibroblast cell lines derived from an ORAS patient and a healthy, unrelated donor were established with written informed consent from all subjects and family members and approved by the ethical committee of Hadassah Medical Center and the Ministry of Health, Israel [5]. Experiments on live vertebrates were approved by the Danish Animal Experiments Inspectorate; the German Federal Ministry for Nature, Environment and Consumers’ Protection of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia; United Kingdom Home Office; and the MRC Centre Ethical Review Committee. All experiments and methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
