Wilson, Patricia
Vishwakarma, Vishakha
Norcross, Rebecca
Khaire, Kashmira https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1465-9469
Pham, Van N.
Weinstein, Brant M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-4962
Jung, Hyun Min https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8892-0941
Galperin, Emilia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-026X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM136295)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD118715)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (ZIA-HD001011)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (ZIA-HD008808)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NIH Office of the Director (1S10OD025033)
Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Revised: 25 February 2026
Accepted: 17 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods detailed in this study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. This study only involved live vertebrates, and no human participants were involved. For the component of this study involving live vertebrates the ethics approval was obtained from the University of Kentucky Animal Care and Use Committee (#2019-3208), the University of Illinois at Chicago Animal Care and Use Committee (#23-112), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Committee (Animal Study Proposal #21-015, 24-015).