Yue, Xin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4202-3772
Xiang, Zhen
Yi, Yang
Wang, Xuecen
Zhou, Weilin
Wu, Weijian
Qin, Wenjing
Zhao, Yuxuan
Bu, Xianzhang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3015-6634
Peng, Zhenwei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0617-3805
Article History
Received: 8 November 2024
Revised: 10 May 2025
Accepted: 17 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee for Clinical Research and Animal Trials of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSUFAH) (Approval No. [2023]-044). A total of 77 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor biopsy specimens were collected from patients pathologically diagnosed with HCC prior to radiotherapy from SYSUFAH. They all received radical radiotherapy (VMAT, 50 Gy, 2 Gy/day, 5 days/week). Informed consent was obtained from the patients and the study is compliant with all relevant ethical regulations regarding research involving human participants.