Wang, Yiman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-2169
Liu, Ke
Zhang, Yuxin
Novak, Daniel
Federico, Aniello
Xu, Cai
Horschitz, Sandra
Vierthaler, Marlene
Sun, Qian
Wang, Nina https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5410-0248
Poelchen, Juliane
Steinfass, Tamara
Hüser, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-8192
Mall, Moritz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1278-2594
Umansky, Viktor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0259-1839
Utikal, Jochen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5316-0241
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (259332240/ RTG 2099, 676288/ UT 112/1–1)
Article History
Received: 10 July 2024
Revised: 13 May 2025
Accepted: 7 July 2025
First Online: 25 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experimental protocols were approved by the ethics committee II of the University of Heidelberg and also institutional and licensing committees (Regierungspräsidium Baden-Württemberg). All experiments were performed in accordance with the regulations imposed by the aforementioned committees. The maximal tumor diameter permitted is 1.5 cm and was not exceeded in the experiments described in this manuscript.