Dong, Wenge https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1740-6520
Zhang, Haiping https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9012-7554
Zhuang, Zhigang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7827-4402
Jiang, Ying https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2432-8011
Article History
Received: 1 February 2025
Revised: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 15 July 2025
First Online: 31 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All animal experiments were approved by the Laboratory Animal Care Committee of Tongji University (approval number: TJBG02621101). The study was conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines, with the maximum tumor size limited to 15 mm, as required by ethical standards. This study did not involve human participants. Publicly available human sequencing and clinical data were used; hence, informed consent was not required. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.