Zhu, Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2727-1356
Peiroten, Lucia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7136-5847
Nanda Kumar, Pranav https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5118-3060
Hottin, Catherine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4156-7631
Jiao, Kangwei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-5993
Haq, Wadood https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0890-9780
Paquet-Durand, François https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-5742
Article History
Received: 20 December 2024
Revised: 14 May 2025
Accepted: 17 July 2025
First Online: 30 July 2025
Competing interests
: The FP-D is a shareholder in the company Mireca Medicines GmbH (Tübingen, Germany). Mireca Medicines intends to promote cGMP analogues such as CN03 or CN238 for clinical testing in rare inherited diseases of the retina. The other authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The animal studies complied with the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) statement for the use of animals in vision research, and the German law on animal protection was reviewed and approved by the “Einrichtung fuer Tierschutz, Tierärztlichen Dienst und Labortierkunde” of the University of Tuebingen (Registration Nos: AK02/20M; AK01/22M).