Li, Linxi
Zuo, Anju
Yin, Ruoyu
Liu, Qiangqiang
Liu, Chen
Li, Na
Xu, Dan
Zhang, Shaomeng
Li, Jiarui
Lei, Shengyun
Ruan, Shiyan
Li, Tingting https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2233-4063
Guo, Yuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4178-369X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82200945)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020MH021)
Article History
Received: 20 February 2025
Revised: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Human sample collection and experimental procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. Specifically, Approval No. KYLL-202306(XZ)-028-1 was granted for the collection of serum samples, and Approval No. KYLL-202504-032 was granted for the acquisition of skeletal muscle biopsies. All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the CIOMS (Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences) guidelines.