Sharaireh, Aseel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1242-1315
Guevara-Ferrer, Marta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5334-3344
Ludlaim, Anna M.
Humphries, Jonathan D.
Phillips, Alexander M.
Dowsey, Andrew W.
Zhang, Zehan
Counsell, John R.
Unwin, Richard D.
Mole, Sara E.
Rahim, Ahad A.
McKay, Tristan R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9128-9115
Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Revised: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Patient fibroblasts were received from the UCL NCL repository, distributed under a Material Transfer Agreement between UCL and Manchester Metropolitan University. Informed consent to generate cell lines used in this research was obtained from all human subjects through the UCL Research Ethics Committee, and experiments conformed to the WMA Declaration of Helsinki and to the principles set out in the USA Department of Health and Human Services Belmont Report. Local ethical approval was gained through the Manchester Metropolitan University Research Ethics and Governance Committee (EthOS Ref: 53114).