Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0631)
Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Revised: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experiments involving cancer patients’ samples were obtained from Chaoying Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Henan, China), and the studies were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Tongxu County People’s Hospital of Henan Province. All of the patients were informed consent. Animal welfare and experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the animal ethics committee of Southwest University.