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Authors
Balasundaram, Nithya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-9483
Palani, Hamenth Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-9553
Venkatraman, Arvind
Augustin, Yolanda
Pichandi, Shruthi
Regnault, Clement
Solomon, Majeela
Rajasekaran, Abirami
Yasar, Mohammed
Palani Kumar, Swathy
Radhakrishnan, Reeshma Nair
Korula, Anu
Kulkarni, Uday Prakash https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2230-2424
Edison, Eunice Sindhuvi
Balasubramanian, Poonkuzhali https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-439X
George, Biju https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-9501
Abraham, Aby
Krishna, Sanjeev https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-0634
Mathews, Vikram https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9417-2353
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DBT India Alliance (IA/CPHS/18/1/503930)
Newton Fund (BT/IN/UK/DBT-BC/2017-2018)
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Article History
Received: 3 February 2025
Revised: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 4 November 2025
Competing interests
: SK, VM, and YA have patents related to this work (US 2020/0345770 A1). SK and YA are directors of the Centre for Affordable Diagnostics and Therapeutics, a not-for-profit social enterprise that delivers affordable healthcare solutions.
: Primary human samples were collected after informed consent was obtained, and studies were conducted under the protocols approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee (IRB Min No -11796), Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. The use of animals was approved by the CBUK (Crown Biosciences United Kingdom), which performed the experiments according to its CBUK guidelines and ethical approval (Study number: CSU4381).
