Sproviero, Elena
Gnocchini, Eleonora
Cipollone, Tommaso
Petillo, Sara
Cassone, Chiara
Molfetta, Rosa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2904-6371
Zingoni, Alessandra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0906-1566
Soriani, Alessandra https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-9026
Cerboni, Cristina
Petrucci, Maria Teresa
Fazio, Francesca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4187-8912
Paolini, Rossella https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7605-1531
Palmieri, Gabriella https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-1417
Cippitelli, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-538X
Article History
Received: 26 May 2025
Revised: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Healthy donors were recruited by the Blood Transfusion Centre of “Policlinico Umberto I” Hospital (Rome, Italy) in anonymized form and gave written informed consent. All the procedures involving participants were in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sapienza University of Rome (approval number 639/16 RIF/CE 4179). Bone marrow samples from patients with MM were managed at the Division of Hematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki was obtained from all patients, and approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Sapienza University of Rome (RIF. 5191 and 639/16 RIF/CE 4179).