Qin, Yuanyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8168-3573
Teker, Sheila S. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4060-0637
La Cunza, Nilsa
Tong, Yao
Theusch, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5678-759X
Yang, Neil V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8461-7854
Venkatesan, Leela https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9351-0299
Su, Julia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7101-1989
Wang, Xuanwen https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4535-3744
Krauss, Ronald M.
Lakkaraju, Aparna
Mattis, Aras N.
Medina, Marisa W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3631-0129
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL139902)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01 DK130391)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R56 DK135259)
the Helen Fuller Springer Memorial Foundation through the UCSF Research Evaluation and Allocation Committee
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (R01EY030668S1)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (NIH R01 EY030668)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH R01 EY030668)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (R56 DK135259)
Article History
Received: 10 December 2024
Revised: 14 October 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Competing interests
: A.N.M. is a consultant for BioMarin Pharmaceuticals, Pliant Therapeutics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and HepaTx.
: All animal procedures were performed under NIH guidelines and with full institutional approval from the IACUC at UCSF.