Jiang, Jingyi
Jiang, Zihua
Luo, Qian
Chen, Xi
Zhuang, Jiejie
Chen, Jiaxin
Mu, Qingqing
Qiu, Jin
Li, Yan
Chen, Shuxia
Zhang, Ping
Yu, Keming
Chen, Shuilian
Liu, Guei-Sheung https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3379-724X
Zhuang, Jing https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5335-3318
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82472143)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82372131)
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2024A1515012562)
The Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (GNT2029648)
Article History
Received: 15 February 2025
Revised: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All animal experiments adhered strictly to the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research and were approved and monitored by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (Permit number: Z2021009). Human-related data analysis was approved by the Ethics Committee for Clinical Research at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, under approval number 2025KYPJ078. For eligible specimens, written informed consent was obtained to ensure compliance with regulatory and ethical requirements. This manuscript has used artificial intelligence-based tools, including Grammarly, to assist with English language editing. No generative AI tools were used for data analysis, interpretation, or drawing scientific conclusions.