Sun, Yulin https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1852-3818
Wang, Jianghui
Gu, Da https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9908-7171
Lou, Huanmin
Sun, Jinpeng
Cui, Zilian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-7173
Kang, Weiting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5190-5817
Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Revised: 1 November 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital. All experiments were performed in compliance with the relevant regulations, and all patients provided written informed consent. Besides, the animal studies were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital. The experiments followed the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals issued by the Chinese Council on Animal Research.