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Authors
Sun, Feifei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9304-0244
Qu, Ying
Mei, Shuyu
Zhang, Lin
Shao, Xianhao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-9959
Wang, Xinpei
Liu, Shijia
Wang, Meng
Liu, Wenyao
Yang, Muyi
Hu, Jing
Shi, Benkang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82473405)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82303905)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82303911)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023QH046)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023QH196)
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Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Revised: 1 November 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interest.
: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University (Approval No. KYll-2022(ZM)-1359), and all procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the Basel Declaration and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Qilu Hospital, Shandong University (Document No. KYll-2022(ZM)-1359, date: January 1, 2024). Our animal experiments comply with regulations, ensuring that the size of solid tumors does not exceed 10% of the animal’s body weight. We confirm that the maximum tumor volume has not been exceeded.
: All human tissue samples used in this study were obtained with informed consent from all participants.
: All authors agree with the content of the manuscript.
