Meng, Xiangyu
Wang, Weize https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7258-0356
Sheshadri, Namratha
Zhang, Tianyu
Han, Xinlu
Sun, Yifu
Xiao, Man
Feng, Yu
Gao, Shan
Chen, Jian
Xie, Sisi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-5305
Wang, Yongbo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-9423
Yang, Yunlong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-9828
Zhao, Yanxiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9408-9979
Yin, Yuxin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-0043
Zong, Wei-Xing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3129-8220
Gao, Shenglan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5991-4899
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82100293)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81874235)
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (19PJ1401900)
National Institute of Health
Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Revised: 10 November 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The animal protocol was approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Fudan university (No.20210302-123). Human tissue samples were acquired in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of the Research Ethics Committee of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University (No. K22-043Y) and Fujian Medical University (No. 2021154). Informed consent was obtained from all participants.