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Authors
Chen, Junguo
Chen, Yun
Lin, Zhuobin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-5879
Liang, Zhihuang
Yu, Hua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0411-1085
Wang, Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-2143
Peng, Hui https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9020-1816
Wang, Xiongjun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-5748
Hu, Kunhua https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-7828
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Article History
Received: 26 August 2025
Revised: 8 November 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The use of pathological specimens, as well as the process for reviewing all pertinent patient clinical records, was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. All pancreatic cancer samples from PDAC (primary human pancreatic adenocarcinoma) patients were collected during surgical resection or via biopsy after receiving local radiotherapy at The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, from Jan 2018 with follow-up till Aug 2018, approval No.2023(124). All clinical samples were collected with informed consent under Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-approved protocols in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975 and the Department of Health and Human Services Belmont Report. The clinical information of the patients is summarized in Supplemental Table .
