Wang, An
Diao, Pengfei
Xiao, Na
Wei, Yuxiang
Wu, Yaping
Wang, Yanling
Wang, Xuejing
Yan, Enshi
Jiang, Hongbing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0655-5862
Li, Jin
Cheng, Jie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9068-4271
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82573322)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82403656)
Article History
Received: 4 June 2025
Revised: 24 November 2025
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The whole study was reviewed and approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Approval number: PJ2016-021-001 and PJ2021-030-001). Written informed consent has been obtained from patients before surgery with regard to the clinical sample harvested for experiments. All animal experiments were complied with animal ethics guidelines and approved by the IACUC of Nanjing Medical University (Approval number: IACUC-2103011).