Kaur, Bhavneet https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-9634
Miglioranza Scavuzzi, Bruna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9609-001X
Yao, Jingyu https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4717-6018
Yang, Mengling
Jia, Lin
Lentz, Stephen I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1686-7998
Sadda, Jaya
Kocab, Andrew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-2166
Shanmugam, Sumathi
Zacks, David N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8592-5165
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (R01EY020823)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (R01EY020823)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Eye Institute (P30EY007003)
Novartis | Alcon | Alcon Research Institute (2025 Alcon Research Institute (“ARI”) Senior Investigator Grant Recipient)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32AR07080)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32AR07080)
Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Revised: 5 December 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 30 January 2026
Competing interests
: D.N.Z. is an employee of the University of Michigan and ONL Therapeutics. D.N.Z. also holds patents through the University of Michigan that are licensed to ONL Therapeutics. A.K. is an employee of ONL Therapeutics. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
: Animal experiments were performed following the protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee (IACUC) at the University of Michigan and in compliance with the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Visual Research.