Li, Siyi
Ma, Xingyue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-9331
Li, Yuantao
Yan, Ming
Hu, Longwei
Li, Ran
Chen, Yong
Li, Haiyang
Wang, Bowen
Liu, Jianping
Zhang, Xiaoyan
Mei, Shuang
Li, Xiangjun
Article History
Received: 23 May 2025
Revised: 18 December 2025
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 19 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University, and written informed consent has been collected from each patient with OSCC. The animal experiment has been approved by the Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of Hebei Medical University (Laboratory Animal Use License no.: SYXK(Ji)2020-002), and all experiments have been carried out in accordance with the guiding principles and relevant laws.