Wang, Wenke
Wu, Wenjie
Hao, Mingjun
Cui, Shenshen
Zhao, Siqi
Pei, Jian-Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2312-4693
Zhang, Naijin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-9801
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371647)
Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Revised: 11 January 2026
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experimental procedures involving human participants and animals were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The human study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang (Approval No. SZCS2025016), and informed consent was obtained from all IVF participants for the collection of ovarian granulosa cells. The animal study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of China Medical University (License number CMU2023296).