Qian, Yunzhen https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5220-5283
Yan, Zhixiu
Wang, Junjie
An, Qi
Luo, Jiamei
Mutailifu, Musitaba
Tulamaiti, Aziguli
Zhang, Xue-Li https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8306-0639
Zhang, Zhi-Gang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8965-223X
Li, Dong-Xue
Article History
Received: 24 September 2025
Revised: 15 February 2026
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 20 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (ID: 2015037). The ethics committee mandates a maximal tumor burden of less than 5% of normal body weight of murine models, and we confirmed that all tumor samples collected in this study complied with this requirement.
: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants.