Liu, Bo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-0351
Liang, Yun
Wang, Chenzhong
Weng, Ziyu
Yang, Yi
Shi, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-9655
Zhang, Chi https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1639-3784
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971308)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82302038)
Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Revised: 15 February 2026
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods involving human participants were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Human cartilage samples were collected with informed consent, and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital (Approval No. B2020-151R). All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Animal Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital (Approval No. 2024-015).