Searle, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1055-0247
Menotti, M.
McDaid, W. J.
Baker, M. J.
Chaturvedi, A.
Ginn, L.
Reed, H.
Carter, M.
Blackhall, F.
Lindsay, C. R.
Malliri, A.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cancer Research UK (A27412)
Cancer Research UK (A25254)
Cancer Research UK (A25146)
Cancer Research UK (A20465)
Article History
Received: 20 March 2025
Revised: 18 February 2026
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All animal procedures were carried out in accordance with the Home Office Regulations (UK) and the UK Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research guidelines using approved protocols and following ethical review (Home Office Project license numbers: 70/8386 and PP5790814, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Advisory Body). Human patient tissue samples were sourced from the ETOP (European Thoracic Oncology Platform) Lungscape study (ethical approval: REC Ref 12/LO/0235) and ChemoRes (Molecular mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance, therapeutic escape, efficacy, and toxicity) study (ethical approval: REC Ref 07/H1014/96), in which informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to sample collection.