Jo, Hyo Youn https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2496-8504
Jung, Ji Seung https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7293-1865
Jo, Hang Hyo
Kim, Dae Hyun
Oh, Yeon Ju
Hwang, Jiyi
Park, Kyung-Mee
Lee, Hyun Jik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-2649
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2021R1C1C1009595)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2025-25418679)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00344226)
Ministry of Science and ICT and the Ministry of Health and Welfare through the Korean Fund for Regenerative Medicine (KFRM) grant
Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Revised: 19 February 2026
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Chungbuk National University (Approval Nos. CBNUA-2222-23-01 and CBNUA-2032-22-01) and conducted in accordance with the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. Animals were euthanized by isoflurane overdose followed by thoracotomy to ensure death, in compliance with the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals.