Díaz-Valdivia, Natalia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-2598
Duch, Paula
Ikemori, Rafael
Parker, Amelia L.
Arshakyan, Marselina
Llorente, Alejandro
Bernardo, Alejandro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-3254
Rodríguez-Rojas, José
Carrasco, Josep Lluis
Park, Danielle
Sahai, Erik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3932-5086
Fillat, Cristina
Juan, Manel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-1648
Nadal, Ernest https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9674-5554
Reguart, Noemí
Radisky, Derek C.
Casanovas, Oriol
Alcaraz, Jordi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-1599
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-110944RB-I00)
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2022-139865OB-I00)
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (CEX2018-000789-S-20-1)
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2020-119692RB-C22)
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-107557RB-I00)
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2022-142386OB-I00)
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (964808)
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AC24/00111)
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16/00890)
Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness | Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI21/00789)
Fundación Científica Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (TRNSC247900ALCA)
Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR 661)
Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR 523)
Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR552)
Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR01289)
Fundación Cellex (n.a.)
Universitat de Barcelona (APIF predoctoral fellowship)
Ciência sem Fronteiras CNPq
Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU22/00065)
Cancer Institute NSW (2022/CDF1167)
Fundació la Marató de TV3 (301/C/2019)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 HL157424)
Article History
Received: 29 September 2025
Revised: 24 February 2026
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by our institutional Ethics Committees: Fundació Parc Taulí (CIBERES cohort), Universitat de Barcelona and Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (fibroblast collection). Informed consent was obtained from all patients. In vivo studies were approved by the Animal Care and Ethics Committee of the Universitat de Barcelona. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki.