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Authors
Leng, Kaiming
Yang, Zhen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-1883
Liming, Yao
Meng, Nanfeng
Xu, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2720-0005
Liao, Guanqun
Han, Mei https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8839-9996
Shi, Guangjun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6926-2354
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Article History
Received: 23 November 2024
Revised: 24 February 2026
Accepted: 24 March 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shandong University (Approval No. SYDWLL-2024-169) and complied with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. For human studies, the collection and use of fresh clinical samples were approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Approval No. 2025-KY-026), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Additionally, the use of human tissue microarrays was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Xinchao Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Approval No. SHYJS-CP-1804007). The requirement for informed consent for the tissue microarrays was waived by the ethics committee, as these samples were pre-existing and fully anonymized.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
