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Authors
Liang, Jiaqi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4738-4238
Yi, Yanjun
Zhu, Junkan
Zhang, Huan
Hu, Yidu
Lu, Yang
Duan, Lewei
Bi, Guoshu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2187-5271
Bian, Yunyi
Yang, Xiaodong
Shan, Guangyao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-5817
Lin, Zongwu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8868-4405
Wang, Qun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4853-1727
Zhan, Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8745-9276
Jiang, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-3990
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Revised: 31 March 2026
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants for the use of their patient samples and clinical data, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol underwent review and received approval from the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Approval No.: B2023-258). The animal experiments were conducted in compliance with the World Medical Association (WMA) Statement on the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research and the European Union’s Directive 2010/63/EU. The Animal Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Approval No.: 2024-718) approved the experimental design. As part of its ethical oversight, the committee set a maximum tumor diameter limit of 2 cm for all mice. Tumor diameters were closely monitored throughout the experimental period to ensure they did not exceed this threshold.
: Written informed consent to participate and to publish was obtained from participants before inclusion in the study.
