Walton, Carson Joseph
Thompson, Tyler
Syed, Sofia Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0792-9926
Zhu, Tianli
Guo, Ella
Yuan, Xue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8063-9431
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R00DE028585)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R03DE033059)
School of Medicine, Indiana University (Strategic Research Initiative)
School of Medicine, Indiana University (Ralph W. and Grace M. Showalter Research)
Article History
Received: 12 November 2025
Revised: 27 March 2026
Accepted: 18 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All animal experimental protocols were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations and were approved by the Indiana University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC, protocol #24012). This study did not involve human participants; therefore, informed consent was not applicable.