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Authors
Li, Na
Ding, Yanhong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-3363
Yu, Bowen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0852-6280
Wang, Yongqiang
Gao, Tongbin
Yin, Huiyong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-1560
Li, Zhenhua
Liu, Shuzhen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8594-4486
Yu, Guohua https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8459-416X
Wang, Ningning https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2109-5825
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82303251)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No. ZR2023QH202)
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2025
Revised: 12 July 2026
Accepted: 24 July 2026
First Online: 7 August 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics: Experiments involving clinical samples were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of WeiFang People’s Hospital (Approval No. KYLL20221214-3). All samples were obtained from patients who provided written informed consent for the use of their tissues and clinical data. Animal experiments were conducted in accordance with protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Medical Laboratory Animal Center at Shandong Second Medical University (IACUC Approval No. 2025SDL626). All methods involving clinical samples and animal experiments were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
