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Authors
Ma, Linzi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7795-6695
Chen, Jiyu
Li, Qi
Zhu, Yongtong
Ren, Shaofang
Song, Ke
Yao, Zhaokai
Yang, Xinyan
Zheng, Yi
Liu, Zhaoting
Wang, Zehui
Miao, Kai https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4832-3354
Chen, Shiling
Zhao, Xiao-Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2544-8293
Luo, Fang https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0579-871X
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Article History
Received: 5 January 2025
Revised: 21 August 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The human testicular tissue samples were approved by the medical ethics committee of Southern Medical University (ethical code: NFEC-2019-219) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki on Ethical Principles for Medical Research. All samples were obtained with informed consent from the patients. All animal care and experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Southern Medical University, China (ethical code: L2016149) and carried out in accordance with the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of laboratory animals.
