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Authors
Liu, Kaiwen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4988-4367
Zhang, Xiaodi
Ning, Bin
Liu, Ronghan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6897-0279
Wang, Cheng
Cheng, Lei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5948-1342
Zheng, Weiwei
Wei, Jianlu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272548)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023QH074)
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Article History
Received: 16 April 2025
Revised: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 [5]. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for being included in the study. All Institutional and National Guidelines for the care and use of animals (fisheries) were followed. All procedures about the human cartilage specimen and animal experiments had been approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University [Approval no.KYLL-2022(ZM)-1143].
