Han, Myeonggil https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3009-6636
Seo, Dong-Hyun
Kwak, Man Sup
Park, In Ho https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-5469
Rhee, Woo Joong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9690-0553
Kim, Hee Sue
Jeon, Eunkyeong
Lee, Je-Jung
Park, Cheol Ho https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4636-5745
Kim, Nam Doo
Sim, Taebo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3015-2059
Kim, You-Sun
Ryu, Kyoung-Seok
Shin, Jeon-Soo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8294-3234
Article History
Received: 7 March 2025
Revised: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 13 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were used following procedures approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Center (YLARC, 2018-0024). MLKL–/– C57BL/6 mice were used following procedures approved by the IACUC of the Laboratory Animal Research Center (LARC) of Ajou University Medical Center (2023-0053). No human participants were involved in this study; therefore, informed consent was not required.