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Article History

Received: 4 April 2025

Revised: 21 August 2025

Accepted: 15 September 2025

First Online: 6 November 2025

Change Date: 29 December 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: In this article the author affiliations from Dr Lombard and Dr Qureshi need to be rearranged: Incorrect affiliations (as currently published): David B. Lombard: 2; Rehana Qureshi: 2, 10, 11. Correct affiliations (should read as): David B. Lombard: 3, 10; Rehana Qureshi: 3, 10, 11.

Competing interests

: The Authors declare that they have no competing interests. Himanshu Arora is the founding director and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of PATHMDAI, Inc. He holds equity in the company and maintains a professional role overseeing its strategic and scientific direction. PATHMDAI, Inc. did not play a role in the design, conduct, or funding of the study described in this manuscript. Dr. Arora’s affiliation with PATHMDAI, Inc. is disclosed in the interest of transparency and does not constitute a conflict related to the reported research. Joshua M. Hare reports having a patent for cardiac cell-based therapy and holds equity in Vestion Inc., and maintains a professional relationship with Vestion Inc. as a consultant and member of the Board of Directors and Scientific Advisory Board. Vestion Inc. did not play a role in the design, conduct, or funding of the study. Dr. Joshua Hare is the Chief Scientific Officer, a compensated consultant, and a board member for Longeveron Inc. and holds equity in Longeveron. Dr. Hare is also the co-inventor of intellectual property licensed to Longeveron. Longeveron did not play a role in the design, conduct, or funding of the study. The University of Miami is an equity owner in Longeveron Inc., which has licensed intellectual property from the University of Miami.

: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. For the human component of this study, de-identified prostate tumor specimens were obtained from the University of Miami Tissue Bank under standard institutional biospecimen policies. In accordance with federal guidelines (45 CFR 46.104(d) (4)), the use of these archival, de-identified tissues did not require specific IRB approval or informed consent, as no direct interaction with human subjects was involved. For the animal component, experiments were conducted under a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL (20-037). All procedures involving animals were carried out in compliance with institutional and federal animal welfare regulations. As no identifiable human images were published in this study, separate informed consent for image publication was not applicable.