Zhao, Chen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-8237
Liu, Pengcheng
Kong, Keyu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5839-6074
Chen, Xuzhuo
Wu, Junxiang
Wu, Wen https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4830-9419
Wang, Xiaoqing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0051-1241
Wang, Lei https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7258-2714
Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Revised: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experiments involving mice were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital (SH9H-2024-A995-1).
: Written informed consent was obtained from all patients (or their legal guardians) for the publication of potentially identifiable photographs and related clinical data presented in this manuscript.