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Authors
Duan, Wan-Li
Wang, Xue-Jie
Gu, Li-Hui
Guo, Ai
Ding, Yi-Yue
Lin, Ping
Zhang, Bao-Gang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-6461
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Article History
Received: 8 April 2025
Revised: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The study involving human participants was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Second Medical University (Approval No.: 2023YX069), Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. For studies involving animals, all experimental protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Second Medical University (Approval No.: 2023SDL184), and were performed in accordance with the relevant institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals.
