Rantanen, Frida https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9597-5498
Murumägi, Astrid
Arjama, Mariliina
Välimäki, Katja https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9117-7589
Multamäki, Elina
Mirtti, Tuomas
Rannikko, Antti
Pellinen, Teijo
Ungureanu, Daniela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-4972
Kallioniemi, Olli
Funding for this research was provided by:
Academy of Finland (360437)
Academy of Finland (336449)
Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Cancer Society of Finland
Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Revised: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Tumor biopsies were collected from seven prostate cancer patients undergoing prostatectomy at Helsinki University Central Hospital, obtained upon informed consent under Institutional Ethical Review Board-approved protocol and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. For this study, HUS has approved the protocols for the Development of diagnostics and treatment of urological cancers (DEDUCER) (HUS/155/2021) and permission for retrospective use of patient data and the archived tissue blocks (HUS/1439/2018).