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Authors
Hu, Yuhua https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2257-6187
Shen, Feng
Zhang, Honghong
Long, Zhuowen
Zhao, Xiaojun
Wen, Jiale https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5536-4982
Sheng, Yijian
Huang, Junxing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3483-3337
Chen, Yan
Guo, Qing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8955-4522
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Article History
Received: 28 April 2025
Revised: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Surgical specimens were obtained with informed consent from the patients. This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee of Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University (Ethics File Number: KY 2023-133-01). All participants were provided with information regarding the study and gave written informed consent before participation. This research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all applicable ethical guidelines.
