Ali, Tayyiba Akbar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-7690
Izadi, Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7203-0220
Vazehan, Raheleh https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6604-0836
Al-Mansoob, Maryam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7389-7267
Pourkarimi, Ehsan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-3465
Funding for this research was provided by:
Qatar Foundation
Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Revised: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was not required for this study. All experiments were performed using Caenorhabditis elegans , an invertebrate nematode species not subject to the vertebrate animal care and use regulations or ethical review procedures typically required for higher animals. Accordingly, no institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) or equivalent approval was needed.