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Authors
Liu, Bo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8913-0351
Wang, Chenzhong
Weng, Ziyu
Yang, Yi
Shi, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-9655
Zhang, Chi https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1639-3784
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Article History
Received: 28 February 2025
Revised: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Animal Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital (Approval No. 2024-015). Human cartilage samples were obtained with informed consent from all donors, and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital (Approval No. B2020-151R).
