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Article History

Received: 24 July 2025

Revised: 14 February 2026

Accepted: 9 March 2026

First Online: 7 April 2026

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The animal study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and guidelines set forth by the Ethics Committee of Jinzhou Medical University. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, with the permit number: 2024104. All procedures performed in this study involving animals were in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines and the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health for the care and use of laboratory animals. The tissue microarray, comprising samples from 365 OC patients along with corresponding prognostic data, was sourced from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University. All experiments adhered to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to sample collection, participants were thoroughly informed about the study and provided written consent. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, with the permit number:JYDSY-IEC-YJS-01.