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Authors
Qian, Lilin
Gao, Wenrong
Wang, Xinyi
Cui, Shuqi
Han, Xiaoqi
Xu, Xia
Jia, Jihui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5529-8735
Liu, Zhifang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-2114
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2024MH229)
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Article History
Received: 11 October 2025
Revised: 10 March 2026
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 10 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods in this study were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The animal experiments were performed according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Experimental Animal Ethical Committee of Shandong University (ECSBMSSDU2023-2-15). The use of human tissue samples in this study was approved by the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University [Approval Number: ECSBMSSDU2023-1-25]. All tissue specimens were collected from donors who provided written INFORMED consent for research use, and all samples were de-identified to protect participant confidentiality in accordance with international ethical standards.
