Shang, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5767-1492
Jiang, He https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-0605
Yan, Yueren
Zhao, Yue https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3645-2634
Yang, Jingcheng
Han, Han
Yuan, Hui
Shi, Leming https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2981-4150
Zheng, Yuanting https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-8303
Chen, Haiquan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7846-257X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82430099)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82203037)
State Sponsored Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme
Article History
Received: 30 May 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 28 January 2026
Conflict of interest
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All human samples were collected after written informed consent was obtained. The study protocol (including consent procedures) was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (Ethical Approval No. 2301268-3) and conducted in full compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Institutional Review Board-approved informed consent was obtained from all patients or their legally authorized representatives, permitting biospecimen deposition into the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center’s accredited tissue repository.