Hu, Ling
Ma, Xiaolu
Cai, Xushan
Yan, Tianqing
Zhou, Kaixia
Shan, Chen
Guo, Ning
Zheng, Hui
Wang, Yanchun
Tong, Ying
Xie, Suhong
Zhang, Heng
Chen, Cuncun
Gong, Zhiyun
Guo, Lin
Lu, Renquan
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373383)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82372332)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82503569)
Program of scientific and technological innovation action plan, Shanghai Municipal Commission of science and technology
Article History
Received: 15 November 2025
Accepted: 22 February 2026
First Online: 12 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shanghai Cancer Center (Approval No. 050432-4-2108*), and written informed consent was obtained from all participants for the use of their tissue samples.