Torfs, Kaat https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5464-0750
Vermeersch, Gaƫl https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7367-3060
Gouwy, Mieke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4035-4810
Devos, Timothy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-417X
Proost, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0133-5545
Struyf, Sofie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4558-0769
Funding for this research was provided by:
Onderzoeksraad, KU Leuven (C14/23/143)
Onderzoeksraad, KU Leuven (C14/23/143)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (1139025N)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (1144825N)
Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Revised: 6 November 2025
Accepted: 30 November 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors have nothing to disclose. PP is the editorial board member of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, but he has not been involved in the peer review or the decision-making of the article.