Hu, Lin
Wang, Dongdi
Chen, Yue
Qiu, Jinxin
Wang, Hongdong
Zhang, Youqin
Zhang, Michelle
Su, Xiaohui
Qiu, Ju https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1543-5678
Sun, Jiping
Shen, Lei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-7094
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (grant 23ZR1455100)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 32250710147 and 81971487)
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (grant 2020YFA0509200)
Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 11 January 2026
First Online: 27 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare that they have no conflicting interests. J.Q. is an editorial board member of Cellular & Molecular Immunology, but she has not been involved in peer review or decision-making related to the article.